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Orbo and magnetic flux-gatingWhile the author (Kavee) doesn't know of any bona fide "free
energy" proof springing from the Orbo technology, he does think there are
several fascinating effects that are worth exploring, which could lead to
greater efficiency. Preface rebuttal by Steorn CEO with follow-up comment
by CLaNZeR confirming Kavee's point.
Hi Sterling, Given that input from Sean, had I not spend the time typesetting this page, I would have dropped it and not bothered to publish it. But there may be some science of interest here to those of you who are endeavoring to understand this field. As for me, I must admit that a lot of this goes over my head. If I took the time, I could probably start to understand it better, but I have too many things going at once to focus in on this one as some of you are. -- Sterling
by Kavee
Above illustration is all it needs to understand the fundamentals leading to
exotic phenomena. However, here goes a description to have heads up. 
Then we should concentrate on the toroid itself, which makes this setup more
interesting. The illustration only shows one turn of the coil as a cross
section. To the right, you can see a perfectly wounded toroid, which makes it
easier to understand the underlying principle. Simply, it let the magnetic flux
cut the coil perpendicular on top and bottom sections of the coil, making only
those two surfaces are effective on any possible EM induction. Interestingly
enough, the setup (if done carefully) let the induced current balanced off since
both are on opposing directions. This is how the EMF or Back EMF is nullified.Thus far it is evident, provided that; 1) To magnets are identical 2) Coil is wounded perfectly on toroid (single or multi-layer) the optimal position for the toroid is exactly vertically center to the magnets. Horizontal position is dependent on magnetic power and material characteristics. But somewhere a little away from the rotor (not very close to it). 
But we normally end up winding our toroids less than perfect, with overlapping turns just like the one pictured here, from Naudin's setup. This is alright, and nothing sets you away from the goal, but it makes you do some extra work to "tune to the sweet spot", meaning, vertical and horizontal position to nullify EMF/BEMF can be offset to the exact middle. With a little bit of patience and the luxury of a good oscilloscope can get you there for sure. Cancelling EMF/BEMF is inherited to this type of configuration, just that we need to carefully position to compensate less-than-perfect torodial coil winds. It is important to understand there is still another back EMF component present in the setup, coming through the collapsing magnetic field caused by the switching of current through the coil. This can be eliminated with bifilar wound coil, which is the standard practice on toroids used in RF applications. Hystorisis can also affect the performance, but can be reduced by selecting proper material for magnetic core. Magnetic attraction motor Let's keep the toroid aside for a while and pay our attention to the rotation, where movements always make fun to look at (than solid state). Toroid core is essentially a high-permeable magnetic core (remember, high permeable means low in reluctance to flux, like low resistance to electrical current), which attracts magnets. It only concentrates flux, but wont align its poles permanently. If we take only the toroid core (without wires winded), it is easy to visualize the attraction taking place. Please take a note, torodial position does not hinder the attraction, but can influence the attraction force. (Keeping it horizontally and vertically positioned for nullifying EMF/BEMF should be the goal, not to maximize the attraction) 
When the flux channels through high-permeable material (our torodial core),
concentration of flux can be felt to hand, in terms of a great force. In the
motor setup, it actually holds the magnets in front of toroid firmly, without
let it passing by.Also note that the toroid's orientation. It is not a coincident having it horizontal, but to facilitate all the principals in its geometry. In this setup, turning the toroid to any other direction would diminish one or more key principles, vanishing the exotic results we are after. Magnetic gating effect in toroid Thus far we know the configuration let the magnets attracted to the toroid on its own. Now the trick is to overcome its force, just as the magnet approaches. If we withdraw the toroid precisely as magnets approaches, precisely enough, the kinetic energy let the magnet pass (as it was not there) and attracted naturally to the next toroid. If we keep withdrawing and placing back each toroid (in quad configuration), we can sustain motion. This is another key to understanding the rotation. Luckily, the torodial coil is a special kind of animal, which concentrates magnetic flux within the core itself (no outside radiation or interference). Enough coils winded and having right amount of voltage and current applied, the core get saturated to a point where permeability drops significantly (high reluctance) which resists further flux going through it. Simply put, the core no longer attracted to magnets. Another key to overall phenomenon is this saturation point in toroid. Please refer to naudin's simple experiments to understand this key concept. Now we have a better way to withdrawing the toroid when the magnets approaches, that is to saturate the core precisely at the point. This is the process of flux gating. Exotic observations 1) No observable EMF/Back EMF this is due to the coil arrangement on toroid which expose to the perpendicular magnetic flux, nullifying net resultant current on the coil. 2) Sweet spot due to the inconsistencies of hand-winded coil on toroids makes it less than perfect cross-sections exposed to magnetic flux. Objective is to adjust vertically to nullify net resultant current through the coils (no EMF/back EMF) 3) Spin at high RPMs this is due to the absence of back EMF which generally governs and controls the rotation speed on a traditional motor. Here, only limiting factor is the mechanical friction, and switching (gating) frequency possible at electronics. 4) Motion independence from toroid current rotational movement is achieved by magnetic attraction only. No current is consumed for making the mechanical move. Current is only consumed to saturate the toroid core, making it low permeable to cancel attraction at the precise point. 5) Speed/Rev independence from toroid current same as above. There is no magnetic coupling between toroid coil and magnets, thus input current is not related to the motion speed, torque or direction. 6) Load on pick-up coils does not affect input current The rotor movement is totally independent of input current. Thus, any load applied to it does not affect input side of the setup. It can be a mechanical toque load, or coil pick-up load. Input to out-put super isolation tempt us to think on the lines of COP>1, but still more tests to be done confirming if any. In this setup, input power is consumed ONLY for saturation of torodial core, which is a totally dependent on toroid material characteristics, input current, voltage, and coil properties. These things can be improved in isolation, to consume less power at input section. Out-put can be either mechanical torque or electromagnetic pickups (dynamo) utilizing the rotational movement of magnets, also can be developed and optimized in isolation. This super isolation makes Orbo and its variants remarkable and deserves academic attention. Free energy or not, these devices and principles can lead us to making super efficient motors and generators in near future, consuming far more less energy. Cutting down 20% of power demand on traditional air-condition motor can effectively cut down on carbon footprint and greenhouse gasses. Thinking on these lines along motivates anybody to pay some respect to the presented technology. Different configurations If you understood the presentation so far, I am sure I can be learned from you from now on. It's just a matter of thinking of other possible configurations minimizing input power and maximizing the output. It all drill-down to different geometry. However, exercising brain alone will not work, but actual build experience, and testing with bare metal will give you the essence of it at no time. In fact, if you are an enthusiast on these subjects, and followed "free energy" or affiliate titles throughout, then I am sure you can recall many similar devices came on your way. And also you are now in a position to dissect and describe some of these devices, if they were so alien and extraordinary for you in the first place. Solid State This is the last part of the article, where I am going to put forward the possibility of going solid state utilizing same principles discussed so far. As an example, Naudin has already taken the first steps with his 2SGen. In the rotor variant, moving magnet is always there for our convenience, so placing a pick-up coil is all it needed to cut the flux and generate some current. In solid state version, we don't have moving parts, but still a fluctuating flux is needed cutting a secondary coil inducing current. This flux change is achieved through a pulse circuit. It can be a simple pulse circuit or a complicated PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit. In a PWM, duty cycle can be adjusted to make different measurements and finding "sweet-spots", which is essential in a research/test setup. There are many resources in the net making a simple PWM, so nothing more to it is described here. A traditional transformer already utilizes this fluctuating flux field generating power on secondary coil. So there is nothing significant about it. The significance comes in the geometry where EMF/back EMF naturally suppressed. Sounds familiar? 
To the right, you see Naudin's 2SGen V3, as published in his site. Now, even
without having a diagram to assist, you should be able to visualize the flux
map. Again, the objective is to have toroid coil's electromagnetism stays
separated (not coupled) from the secondary coil. This comes without an effort,
since toroid by definition concentrate all magnetic flux inside the core.Flux fluctuation is achieved through magnetic gating only. Flux is supplied indefinitely by the magnets attached. power supplied to the torodial coil is used to change the permeability of the core, and nothing more. Secondary coil cuts through by the flux change from the magnets, gated through the toroid. For making things simpler, here goes an illustration of the same setup. 
By looking at this, you will easily realize this is not the optimal setup
utilizing our knowledge thus far. But still, this allows flux gating, EMF/Back
EMF reduction, input to output isolation etc. making it a good candidate for
solid state unit. 
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CommentsClarificationsOn May 12, 2010 7:59 PM Mountain, Kaveendra (slt) replied to Sean
McCarthy's comment above as follows: - - - - * * * * Couldn't Replicate Claimed Effect; No Longer InvolvedOn May 13, 2010 2:02 AM, Sean CLaNZeR, one of the most respected
replicators in the world, and a key player under NDA with Steorn: * * * * Replicated OverunityOn May 13, 2010 8:12 AM Mountain, Paul Lowrance <energymover@gmail.com> wrote: First of all, congratulations to Steorn. My "Tiny Orbo Replication 4" has clearly shown excess energy. Total input was 180 mW where 170 mW of that went to joule heating due to electrical wire resistance, which comes to 10 mW for the motor. The output from one pickup coil was 280 mW. Also, I would take a guesstimate that "Tiny Orbo Replication 4" produced ~ 2 watts of heat from bearing and air drag alone. Steorn's claims are legit. Regarding the list from Kavee article: #1 #3 are definitely pluses. #4 I dont get because in my replications the magnetic core permeability changes as the magnet moves closer. IMO, one *huge* plus for the Tiny Orbo Replications is for the cores permeability to increase as the magnet gets closer, and decrease as the magnet gets farther away. #5 is correct in regards to joule heating losses in the toroid current. The energy that goes into inductance increases with rpm, but my measurements show that nearly 100% of that energy can be captured back. So for the most part, Id say #5 is correct. In my Tiny Orbo Replication 4″ the device was spinning at over 17 thousand rpms, which I guesstimate to produce ~ 2 watts of heat just from bearing and air drag, and there was 170 mW losses in joule heating, and the pickup coil was producing 280 mW, yet the total input into coil (less joule heating) was only 10 mW. #6 More pickup load equates to more motor drag, and the motor *will* slow down, which will effect the #5 above. In the Steorn demo the decrease in motor speed was a small amount. * * * * Turned Down NASA Replicator OfferOn May 12, 2010 9:14 PM Mountain, Pete Collins wrote: * * * * Paul Offers his OU Orbo Replication for NASA TestingOn May 13, 2010 11:23 AM Mountain; Paul Lowrance wrote: * * * * I Can Dee Why Orbo Declined NASA OfferAfter several emails back and forth between Paul and Pete, Paul wrote: I have no rights to the "Tiny Orbo Replication," which should be clear in the name, as it contains the word "Orbo." I'm not interested in shipping out a "Tiny Orbo Replication" device for my own benefit [...]. Presently my time is spent on my own solid-state device, which has shown excess energy. Although, if Mike or anyone within the Los Angeles county, California, wishes to test the "Tiny Orbo Replication," then I'd love to take the time to meet where they can analyze it until their hearts are content, but it's not going to be mailed ending up who knows where without any written agreement assuring me what will come of it. Mike seems very clear that he or NASA is not interested in signing any agreement. I've been down this road too many times. [...] Also, if Mike or anyone wants to replicate the "Tiny Orbo Replication 4," then they're more than welcome to see the replication web page for a starting point, http://globalfreeenergy.info/2010/04/16/holy-grail-part-numbers/ [...] * * * * Censorship and Silence from SteornOn May 12, 2010 10:41 AM Mountain; Mary Yugo wrote: * * * *
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As
stated in Wikipedia: "Magnetic flux (Greek letter Φ (phi)), is a measure
of the magnetic field strength existing on a two dimensional surface, such as
one side of a magnet. In textbook diagrams, magnetic flux is usually pictured as
cluster of vectors attached to a geometrically abstract surface. Each vector
intersects a separate point on the surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the
weber (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the unit of magnetic field is the
weber per square meter, or tesla. (In cgs units the unit of magnetic flux is
maxwell.)"
Magnetic flux, if considers analogous to electrical current, then the flux can
be routed in a magnetic circuit just like an electrical current in an electrical
circuit. As an example, bar magnet radiates flux from N and absorbed from S
poles. If placed in air, it naturally does this, while some of the flux goes to
infinity (not much understood, but calculations does proves). Analogous to wires
in an electrical circuit, ferromagnetic material provides the "conductive"
path for flux in a magnetic circuit. It is more common to use a "keeper"
shortening two poles of horse shoe magnet, for storage. This is essentially a
magnetic circuit, where all flux is channeled through the "keeper" into the
magnet itself, blocking radiation or interaction with other magnetic material in
the vicinity.
A typical transformer is an example to a magnetic circuit. Its core, usually
with a square or figure 8' cross section provides the necessary magnetic
path for the flux to follow. This however does not confine all the magnetic flux
to the core, so portion of the magnetic energy escapes to the environment. This
essentially meaning magnetic interference to the neighboring devices and energy
loss.
This is a very interesting configuration of a magnetic circuit. Simply put, it
can be called as a special coil/transformer, without magnetic interference to
the neighbors.
For the purpose of this article, I would assume readers are already familiar
with Steorn's Orbo configuration or Naudin's Orbo replication configuration.
I would not attempt to explain the setup in detail, which can be readily found
on the net.
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